Ancient to Modern Persian Achievements List in Science, Philosophy, and History
by Owen Borville
June 26, 2024
History, Science
Persian Philosopher/ Scientist List
Albucasis (Al-Zahrawi) physician, Father of Surgery
Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham) astronomy, math, physics
Alkindus (Al-Kindi) math
Averroes (Ibn Rushd) philosopher and scientist
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Banu Musa brothers (math, astronomy, engineering)
Biruni (Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni) (optics)
Farghani (Al-Farghani) (Alfraganus) astronomy and math
Firnas (Ibn Firnas) inventor scientists, first to fly
Hayyan (Jābir ibn Ḥayyān) chemist, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid discovery
Idrisi (al-Idrisi) cartographer, world maps
Jahiz (al-Jahiz) polymath and writer
Jayani (Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī) (math)
Jazari (Ismail al-Jazari) engineering
Kashi (Jamshīd al-Kāshī) (math)
Khandun (Ibn Khaldun) sociology
Khwarizmi (Muhammad Musa al-Khwarizmi) mathematics, algebra, algorithms
Khayam (Omar Khayam) mathematics, astronomy, and poetry
Nafis (Ibn al Nafis) physician, polymath, and philosopher
Rhazes (physician) (Abū Bakr al-Rāzī), physician, chemist
Shatir (Ibn al-Shatir) astronomy, math, engineering
Sufi (Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi) (astronomer)
Taqi (Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi) engineer, steam energy
Tusi (Nasir al-Din al-Tusi) (astronomy)
Persian Poet List, Art, Literature, Music
Farabi (Al-Farabi) music theorist and philosopher, book of music
The 1st Persian national epic novel Shahnameh by Ferdowsi
Hafez
Khayam (Omar)
Khusrow, Amir
Kindi (Al-Kindi music)
Nizami
Rumi
Saadi
Ud Din, (Farid) poet and philosopher
1001 Knights folk tales (Aladdin, Alibaba, Sinbad)
Calligraphy written language Arabic and Farsi
Lut (musical instrument like guitar)
Safi al-Din al-Urmawi musician
Avicenna Ibn Sina philosophy, music
Averroes Ibn Rushd philosophy
Tufail (Ibn Tufail) philosophy
Ziryab musician
The word “paradise”
Nowruz, The Persian New Year Celebration by over 300 million people worldwide for over 3,000 years.
Persian Flood Myth influenced by the Zoroastrian religion and included in the epic poem Shahnameh.
Jiroft Ancient Culture The Jiroft culture is a Bronze Age civilization from around 2500–2200 BCE, located in present-day Iran (southeast), particularly in the Halil River area near Jiroft in Kerman Province.
Additional Persian Inventions and Contributions to the World
Agriculture
Qanats (water supply system, aqueduct, irrigation) Gonabad, Iran (oldest known)
Foods=Daily Tea, Rose, Spinach, Grape vines and wine, dessert
Architecture
styles from over 4,000 years ago seen spanning from Turkey, Africa, China, India, geometric designs, Roman influence, domes, arches, aqueducts
Bricks (first Bricks)
Astronomy
Biruni, Khayam, Tusi, Maragheh Observatory (13th c.)
Medicine
Modern Medicine (Ibn Sina-Avicenna) and his medical encyclopedia
The Teaching Hospital
Chemistry
Sulfuric Acid (Razi)
Alcohol distillation (Razi) for drinks, foods, preservatives
Perfumes
Mathematics
The Persian mathematician al-Khwarizmi introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and algebra to European mathematicians through his published books. The word term algorithm comes from his name and the term algebra comes from the name of his book. He is known as the "Father of Algebra."
About 900 years ago, Omar Khayyam, the Persian poet and mathematician, found a geometric solution of a cubic equation.
Engineering
The refrigerator (yakchal) pyramid-shaped, air conditioning
The wheel, the windmill, the 1st Battery (Parthian) Baghdad Battery
Animation on artwork
Gas Masks by Banu Musa Brothers to protect well workers from pollution
World Empire
Persia was the 1st world empire as the Persian Empire extended to three continents: Asia, Africa, Europe
Banned slavery
Military units and uniforms
Heavy armored Cavalry
Government=Taxation system (Archaemenid period)
Human Rights=1st Human rights charter = Cyrus Cylinder
Religion=Monotheism (Zoroastrianism and religious tolerance)
Trade and Commerce
The Banquet
Postal Service and Roads=1st Postal service in world and highways (according to Herodotus)
Banks the 1st private banks established, Bank of Egibi
Bazaars=The Bazaar shopping center
Textile Industry=pants and long coats, Persian Rugs, Gloves
Ebay=Pierre Omidyar
Music
Guitar (Lut), the Orchestra
Sports and Games
Polo the sport (chovgan) in Persia and China, Chess (India or Persia) Backgammon=1st Board Game (“nard”, found at Sukhteh city)
Birthday celebrations
Arts
Pottery and ceramics
Cutlery the 1st Cutlery
Landscaped Gardens
Gardening, Tree Planting, Flower Planting
by Owen Borville
June 26, 2024
History, Science
Persian Philosopher/ Scientist List
Albucasis (Al-Zahrawi) physician, Father of Surgery
Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham) astronomy, math, physics
Alkindus (Al-Kindi) math
Averroes (Ibn Rushd) philosopher and scientist
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Banu Musa brothers (math, astronomy, engineering)
Biruni (Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni) (optics)
Farghani (Al-Farghani) (Alfraganus) astronomy and math
Firnas (Ibn Firnas) inventor scientists, first to fly
Hayyan (Jābir ibn Ḥayyān) chemist, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid discovery
Idrisi (al-Idrisi) cartographer, world maps
Jahiz (al-Jahiz) polymath and writer
Jayani (Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī) (math)
Jazari (Ismail al-Jazari) engineering
Kashi (Jamshīd al-Kāshī) (math)
Khandun (Ibn Khaldun) sociology
Khwarizmi (Muhammad Musa al-Khwarizmi) mathematics, algebra, algorithms
Khayam (Omar Khayam) mathematics, astronomy, and poetry
Nafis (Ibn al Nafis) physician, polymath, and philosopher
Rhazes (physician) (Abū Bakr al-Rāzī), physician, chemist
Shatir (Ibn al-Shatir) astronomy, math, engineering
Sufi (Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi) (astronomer)
Taqi (Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi) engineer, steam energy
Tusi (Nasir al-Din al-Tusi) (astronomy)
Persian Poet List, Art, Literature, Music
Farabi (Al-Farabi) music theorist and philosopher, book of music
The 1st Persian national epic novel Shahnameh by Ferdowsi
Hafez
Khayam (Omar)
Khusrow, Amir
Kindi (Al-Kindi music)
Nizami
Rumi
Saadi
Ud Din, (Farid) poet and philosopher
1001 Knights folk tales (Aladdin, Alibaba, Sinbad)
Calligraphy written language Arabic and Farsi
Lut (musical instrument like guitar)
Safi al-Din al-Urmawi musician
Avicenna Ibn Sina philosophy, music
Averroes Ibn Rushd philosophy
Tufail (Ibn Tufail) philosophy
Ziryab musician
The word “paradise”
Nowruz, The Persian New Year Celebration by over 300 million people worldwide for over 3,000 years.
Persian Flood Myth influenced by the Zoroastrian religion and included in the epic poem Shahnameh.
Jiroft Ancient Culture The Jiroft culture is a Bronze Age civilization from around 2500–2200 BCE, located in present-day Iran (southeast), particularly in the Halil River area near Jiroft in Kerman Province.
Additional Persian Inventions and Contributions to the World
Agriculture
Qanats (water supply system, aqueduct, irrigation) Gonabad, Iran (oldest known)
Foods=Daily Tea, Rose, Spinach, Grape vines and wine, dessert
Architecture
styles from over 4,000 years ago seen spanning from Turkey, Africa, China, India, geometric designs, Roman influence, domes, arches, aqueducts
Bricks (first Bricks)
Astronomy
Biruni, Khayam, Tusi, Maragheh Observatory (13th c.)
Medicine
Modern Medicine (Ibn Sina-Avicenna) and his medical encyclopedia
The Teaching Hospital
Chemistry
Sulfuric Acid (Razi)
Alcohol distillation (Razi) for drinks, foods, preservatives
Perfumes
Mathematics
The Persian mathematician al-Khwarizmi introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and algebra to European mathematicians through his published books. The word term algorithm comes from his name and the term algebra comes from the name of his book. He is known as the "Father of Algebra."
About 900 years ago, Omar Khayyam, the Persian poet and mathematician, found a geometric solution of a cubic equation.
Engineering
The refrigerator (yakchal) pyramid-shaped, air conditioning
The wheel, the windmill, the 1st Battery (Parthian) Baghdad Battery
Animation on artwork
Gas Masks by Banu Musa Brothers to protect well workers from pollution
World Empire
Persia was the 1st world empire as the Persian Empire extended to three continents: Asia, Africa, Europe
Banned slavery
Military units and uniforms
Heavy armored Cavalry
Government=Taxation system (Archaemenid period)
Human Rights=1st Human rights charter = Cyrus Cylinder
Religion=Monotheism (Zoroastrianism and religious tolerance)
Trade and Commerce
The Banquet
Postal Service and Roads=1st Postal service in world and highways (according to Herodotus)
Banks the 1st private banks established, Bank of Egibi
Bazaars=The Bazaar shopping center
Textile Industry=pants and long coats, Persian Rugs, Gloves
Ebay=Pierre Omidyar
Music
Guitar (Lut), the Orchestra
Sports and Games
Polo the sport (chovgan) in Persia and China, Chess (India or Persia) Backgammon=1st Board Game (“nard”, found at Sukhteh city)
Birthday celebrations
Arts
Pottery and ceramics
Cutlery the 1st Cutlery
Landscaped Gardens
Gardening, Tree Planting, Flower Planting