Thermal Expansion and Contraction Theory of Earth and Planetary Bodies
by Owen Borville
February 6, 2024
I have been focusing on the possibility of Earth's thermal tectonic expansion and contraction as a past event and as an alternative model for Global Plate Tectonic Theory. I know that this violates the geologic paradigm principle of uniformitarianism, and therefore many scientists will oppose this theory. However, the Mid-Ocean Ridges span across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and polar Oceans on each side of continents, allowing the ocean basins to expand east-west and north-south. There are 3 times as many ocean ridges than trenches. There must have been a past Earth expansion. The American continents are surrounded by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise. The African continent is surrounded by the Mid-Ocean Ridge, Indian Ridge, and East African Ridge on the continent. There must have been a past Earth Expansion that has since stopped or slowed down. A past thermal Earth Contraction by cooling would create all of the major mountain ranges on Earth by a buckling process. Differential buckling would buckle the softer rock first, like the Himalayan mountains, Alps, Andes, Rockies with fossils and limestone on top. Read The Origin of Mountains book by Ollier and Pain. Dr. Samuel Carey and Dr. James Maxlow have researched expansion tectonics and they have published books on this topic. What about the arc shaped curved ridges? The thermal contraction would explain that, along with Earth's spinning rotation that also helps create the geodynamo in the outer core layer that helps produce the Earth's magnetic field. Some mantle core layers could have expanded faster or to a greater extent than others, by differential layer expansion. Some earth layers are spinning faster than others, slowing down, or spinning in the opposite direction, according to recently published scientific papers (See below). Similar fossils on each side of the continents give evidence that all of the continents were together with no ocean basins. All of the continents fit together perfectly on a smaller Earth if all of the ocean basins were removed and Earth was the size of Mars. Planet Mercury is believed to have contracted in the past. Look at the large rift on Mars. Remove the Pacific Basin, Atlantic Basin, Indian Basin, and all ocean basins on Earth, and the continents would fit nicely on a smaller Earth. Also, look at the eastern border of the submerged Zealandia Continent Plate and Tonga Trench, and how it seems to match with the Southwestern border of the South American Plate. Look at all of the submerged volcanoes in the west Pacific that were likely part of a submerged continent. Also, frictional forces of tectonic plates, plate density differences, and the lack of scraped off sediment in ocean trenches give strong evidence against geologic tectonic subduction processes and further support the past thermal expansion and contraction model that I have proposed. Magnetic striping in the ocean basin basalt layers give strong evidence for thermal expansion and seafloor spreading. I want to prove that tectonic plates are not sliding across the earth, but rather there is an earth expansion and contraction tectonic processes on Earth and all rocky planets in the solar system. Tectonic plates appear to be moving or sliding across Earth, but in reality the Earth expanded and contracted by thermal processes. Also, gas planets and stars expand and contract. Black Holes can expand and contract. The universe can expand and has been. Why not Earth?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-earths-inner-core-may-be-slowingdown/#:~:text=Over%20the%20years%2C%20some%20researchers,up%20to%20one%20degree%20faster
https://phys.org/news/2023-01-earth-core.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Vom_wachsenden_Erdball.jpg/799px-Vom_wachsenden_Erdball.jpg
Ollier, C., & Pain, C. (2000). The Origin of Mountains (1st ed.). Routledge.
by Owen Borville
February 6, 2024
I have been focusing on the possibility of Earth's thermal tectonic expansion and contraction as a past event and as an alternative model for Global Plate Tectonic Theory. I know that this violates the geologic paradigm principle of uniformitarianism, and therefore many scientists will oppose this theory. However, the Mid-Ocean Ridges span across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and polar Oceans on each side of continents, allowing the ocean basins to expand east-west and north-south. There are 3 times as many ocean ridges than trenches. There must have been a past Earth expansion. The American continents are surrounded by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise. The African continent is surrounded by the Mid-Ocean Ridge, Indian Ridge, and East African Ridge on the continent. There must have been a past Earth Expansion that has since stopped or slowed down. A past thermal Earth Contraction by cooling would create all of the major mountain ranges on Earth by a buckling process. Differential buckling would buckle the softer rock first, like the Himalayan mountains, Alps, Andes, Rockies with fossils and limestone on top. Read The Origin of Mountains book by Ollier and Pain. Dr. Samuel Carey and Dr. James Maxlow have researched expansion tectonics and they have published books on this topic. What about the arc shaped curved ridges? The thermal contraction would explain that, along with Earth's spinning rotation that also helps create the geodynamo in the outer core layer that helps produce the Earth's magnetic field. Some mantle core layers could have expanded faster or to a greater extent than others, by differential layer expansion. Some earth layers are spinning faster than others, slowing down, or spinning in the opposite direction, according to recently published scientific papers (See below). Similar fossils on each side of the continents give evidence that all of the continents were together with no ocean basins. All of the continents fit together perfectly on a smaller Earth if all of the ocean basins were removed and Earth was the size of Mars. Planet Mercury is believed to have contracted in the past. Look at the large rift on Mars. Remove the Pacific Basin, Atlantic Basin, Indian Basin, and all ocean basins on Earth, and the continents would fit nicely on a smaller Earth. Also, look at the eastern border of the submerged Zealandia Continent Plate and Tonga Trench, and how it seems to match with the Southwestern border of the South American Plate. Look at all of the submerged volcanoes in the west Pacific that were likely part of a submerged continent. Also, frictional forces of tectonic plates, plate density differences, and the lack of scraped off sediment in ocean trenches give strong evidence against geologic tectonic subduction processes and further support the past thermal expansion and contraction model that I have proposed. Magnetic striping in the ocean basin basalt layers give strong evidence for thermal expansion and seafloor spreading. I want to prove that tectonic plates are not sliding across the earth, but rather there is an earth expansion and contraction tectonic processes on Earth and all rocky planets in the solar system. Tectonic plates appear to be moving or sliding across Earth, but in reality the Earth expanded and contracted by thermal processes. Also, gas planets and stars expand and contract. Black Holes can expand and contract. The universe can expand and has been. Why not Earth?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-earths-inner-core-may-be-slowingdown/#:~:text=Over%20the%20years%2C%20some%20researchers,up%20to%20one%20degree%20faster
https://phys.org/news/2023-01-earth-core.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Vom_wachsenden_Erdball.jpg/799px-Vom_wachsenden_Erdball.jpg
Ollier, C., & Pain, C. (2000). The Origin of Mountains (1st ed.). Routledge.
Update: January 22, 2025
Upon further research on the possibility of thermal expansion and contraction of the Earth in the past, I have accepted that elements of standard plate tectonic theory could be incorporated into thermal expansion and contraction theory. Convection cells are thought to lift the hottest material from the earth’s center toward the Earth’s crust, while cooler material above displaces the rising hotter material. This process creates convection cells in the Earth’s mantle and is thought to drive the movement of tectonic plates. In addition, this system of convection cells could also be the mechanism for thermal expansion and contraction theory. The convection cells are constantly causing hotter material to rise toward the crust, creating pressure imbalance and causing the crust to rift apart. After rifting apart, the thermal cooling phase and gravity causes the plates to buckle, creating the mountain ridges on Earth. During thermal expansion, divergent plate boundaries are created and during thermal contraction, convergent and transform plate boundaries are formed. Convection cells also help create volcanic activity across the Earth’s crust.
Upon further research on the possibility of thermal expansion and contraction of the Earth in the past, I have accepted that elements of standard plate tectonic theory could be incorporated into thermal expansion and contraction theory. Convection cells are thought to lift the hottest material from the earth’s center toward the Earth’s crust, while cooler material above displaces the rising hotter material. This process creates convection cells in the Earth’s mantle and is thought to drive the movement of tectonic plates. In addition, this system of convection cells could also be the mechanism for thermal expansion and contraction theory. The convection cells are constantly causing hotter material to rise toward the crust, creating pressure imbalance and causing the crust to rift apart. After rifting apart, the thermal cooling phase and gravity causes the plates to buckle, creating the mountain ridges on Earth. During thermal expansion, divergent plate boundaries are created and during thermal contraction, convergent and transform plate boundaries are formed. Convection cells also help create volcanic activity across the Earth’s crust.